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Source Book Of Industrial Solvents – II

The halogens are a remarkable family of elements, marked by their great chemical activity and the unique properties which have served as valuable instruments in advancing chemical science and in adding a new and unprecedented scope to the solvent field. Stability, nonflammability, and a wide range of solvency are but a few of the characteristics imparted by their application.

Additional information

Author

Ibert Mellan

Accession No

17176

Language

English

Number Of Pages

280

Title_transliteration

Toḻiltuṟai karaippāṉkaḷiṉ mūla puttakam

Volume

II

Publisher

Reinhold Publishing Corporation

Publishing Year

1957

Categories: , Tags: , Product ID: 26268

Description

In the stirring times of rapid chemical development during the nineteenth century, the use of halogens in advancing chemical theory has been the fore- runner of the diversity in hydrocarbon uses and products which have distinguished the twentieth century for its multiplicity of industrial output. The presentations of both Laurent, in 1837, and Dumas, in 1839, of the new principle of substitution in a hydrocarbon by which the electropositive halogen replaces the electropositive hydrogen in the molecule, thereby producing modifications and additions in the properties of the derivative, have given stimulus to and influenced the direction of chemical research. The term “halogen” is applied to five elements- fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and the recently discovered astatine. Berzelius named them halogens from the Greek word meaning “salt-producer” because of the similarity of their sodium salts to the salt of the sea. These elements and their compounds resemble each other in their general chemical behavior while, in relation to their atomic weights, they show a gradual transition in their physical properties. Thus, as the atomic weight increases, fluorine and chlorine occur as gases, bromine as a liquid, and iodine as a solid, fluorine being the lightest and iodine the heaviest halogen, except for the rare astatine.

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